Medizinische Universität Graz

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Deutsch (Sprache des Volltextes) Englisch

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Titel

Klinische Anwendung und ethische Perspektiven der zellfreien, fetalen DNA

Kurzfassung

Prenatal medicine, with its continually evolving screening and diagnostic modalities, has become an integral part of the medical services offered to pregnant women and an indispensable part of modern obstetric care.
Prenatal medicine includes the accompanying counseling of pregnant women in order to minimize possible fears and to avoid potentially dangerous situations. The main tasks of the extended examinations of prenatal diagnostics include the monitoring of mother and child as well as the confirmation of the normal course of pregnancy. These extended examinations serve to detect risks, malformations, chromosomal disorders or various diseases at an early stage and, if necessary, to guide the child to adequate therapy.
All parents wish to have a healthy child. The prevailing opinion in society is that with the broad offer and almost universal access to prenatal non-invasive and invasive examination methods, the birth of children with congenital defects can be prevented.
Through the offer of prenatal diagnostics, prospective parents are faced with the decision to make use of it or not. Possible consequences that may result from an abnormal test result are often impossible to assess in advance for those seeking advice. Thus, in addition to concerns about the health of the unborn child, pregnant women/couples are also exposed to societal pressures.
The aim of this report is to present the current procedures and trends in non-invasive prenatal testing. The increasing technical possibilities also lead to the fear that basic ethical principles could be challenged by these exorbitant genetic testing options.
This thesis aims to describe the current state of prenatal testing of cell-free fetal DNA and highlight the ethical perspectives.
Therefore, with the introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing as a free service under a statutory health insurance scheme in Germany from July 1, 2022, an ethical debate has been initiated.
The spectrum of prenatal diagnostic options has expanded significantly in recent years. In addition to a considerable increase in the resolving power of ultrasound diagnostics, new scientific findings in the field of molecular genetics have provided an enormous increase in knowledge in this area. At the same time, the technology of high-throughput sequencing will continue to increase in complexity, and the sequencing of the prenatal genome in the coming years will round out the complex issues of the associated ethical challenges.

Schlagwörter

NIPT und Präntaldiagnostik, Kassenleistung Deutschland Juli 2022, Macht der Technologie, selektive Konsequenzen

Anzahl Seiten

Publikationsjahr

2022

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